Straight to the point articles covering the basic theory on various technology topics
Bubble sort is a simple comparison-based sorting algorithm. It is named like that because it sorts elements similar to the water bubble rising to the surface, i.e. after all iterations are completed, either lower or higher values bubble up towards the top index of the given array. By making multiple passes through an array with
In this post, I will try to provide you with useful KiCad files information. In the folder containing a KiCad project, you can find various types of files ranging from libraries, schematics to generated output files. Extension / NameDescription.proThis is the project file and it contains parameters and configurations..sch, .kicad_schSchematic file. (The new format is
The IPv6 is the latest version of the Internet Protocol. Its header is subdivided into a mandatory fixed header and optional extension headers. The fixed header has 8 fields and fixed size of 40 bytes, while all extension headers are multiple of 8 octets in size. To meet this requirement, some extension headers require internal
In this article, we will explain the header section of an IPv4 packet. The IPv4 header has a variable length of 20-60 bytes, depending on the IP options present. It consists of 14 fields, of which 13 are mandatory. IPv4 Header Format Compared To IPv6 Header Let's take a look at each field individually: Version
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a unique numerical identifier used for communication between devices connected to a computer network. It is used for identification and location addressing. To send data from one computer to another, data packets must travel across the network containing the IP addresses of both devices. In 1983, IPv4 was
My next step from the Typescript overview is to see the differences between namespaces and modules. Both of them can be declared easily: namespace X { } module Y{ } There is a general explanation on how to use them on the TypeScript's website. My opinion is that we need to learn the differences between
This is my second step with TypeScript. This time I will declare interfaces and classes. My idea is to create a simple class and interface and use it like a "Hello world" example. The first step is to declare an interface: interface Pet { name: string; age: number; color: string; } We use the keyword
The application layer is the topmost level of the OSI model and is the only one that directly interacts with the end-user and specifies the shared protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. It acts as an intermediate between the actual software application and the users. It provides full end-user access
The sixth layer of the OSI model is the presentation layer. It takes care of the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two communicating systems. Its primary goal is to send data in such a way that the receiver will understand and be able to use the information. The presentation layer is responsible
The fifth layer of the OSI model is the session layer. It controls the connections between different systems by tracking the dialogs between computers, which are called sessions. A session is a communication channel that gets established between two hosts for the exchange of information for a limited period. It allows the systems to communicate
