Overview Speaking in general a bootloader is any piece of code that is executed before the main application code starts.  In this article we will focus on a particular type of a bootloader  - one that is used to erase the code of the main application from the flash memory and program it with a

Overview There are two major types of memory system architectures when it comes to executing code in embedded systems: Execute in Place (XIP): The program code is executed directly from a flash memory. Store and Download (SnD) : The program code is stored in a non-volatile memory but is copied to RAM during the boot up

Hardware memory is used for storing information. In the case of embedded systems that may be the program data ,the program code itself, event logging etc. There are many types of technologies used when creating memory cells and many ways to categorize them, but we can distinguish two major categories based on the memory reaction

Exceptions are events that disrupt the normal execution flow of the program. When an exception occurs the processor handles it by usually executing dedicated piece of code called exception handler. Each type of exception can have its own exception handler. In some literature sources exceptions and interrupts are analyzed as two different things. Expeptions being